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Bowel refers to the long muscular tube that begins at the bottom of the stomach and ends at the anus.

Bowel (colorectal) cancer is cancer of the colon or rectum, and it starts from the cells that line the bowel. The small bowel is remarkably free from cancer risk and almost all bowel cancers takes place in the large bowel.

About 6 per cent of the population in Western countries widens bowel cancer at some time during their lives, making this the second major cause of cancer-related death. However, it can be curable in 40 to 50 per cent of cases and that too by surgery.

The cancer arises when one of the cells in the colon develops a series of changes (mutations) in some of the genes that control how the cell divides and survives. As a result, the cell divides wildly to form a clump of malignant (cancerous) cells. Initially, these cell changes commonly develop a polyp called an adenoma.

At this stage, an adenoma is still pre-cancerous and probably only about 5 per cent of the polyps progress further to become life-threatening cancers.

The polyp enlarges very slowly, probably over about 10 years, up to between 1cm and about 5cm in diameter. The abnormal cells first invade the stalk of the polyp, then the underlying tissue of the colon to which the stalk is attached. This invasion indicates that cancer has developed.

The patient will then usually have symptoms, like bleeding from the ulcerated tip of the cancer and diarrhea origin by trouble in the muscle activity of the colon or to obstruction.

The average age when bowel cancer is first exposed is 65, and it becomes gradually common with advancing age. It may rarely affect much younger adults from the age of 20. The rates do not differ strikingly between the sexes, while men are slightly more prone to mounting rectal cancer and women to develop cancer of the caecum.

Tags: Bowel Cancer, cancer, colorectal cancer, Tummy Ache



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